Crowdfunding ist für Unternehmer die zugänglichste und risikoärmste Möglichkeit, Kapital zu beschaffen. Von 880 Millionen US-Dollar im Jahr 2010 ist der Crowdfunding-Markt auf geschätzte 34 Milliarden US-Dollar im Jahr 2015 angewachsen. [1] Indiegogo und Kickstarter sind die beiden beliebtesten Crowdfunding-Plattformen, die spendenbasierte Projekte unterstützen.
While Indiegogo is available for any kind of project taking place anywhere in the world, Kickstarter is only available for creative projects, and only in the As of now, following countries : U.S., Canada , Australia, New Zealand, UK , the Netherlands , Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, and Luxembourg.
On both platforms, project creators have 100% control over their products and services. Neither platform allows contributors to become investors or shareholders, nor can they qualify as accredited investors to participate in any financial returns.
Contents
| Indiegogo | Kickstarter | |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | Indiegogo is an international donation-based fund raising site for almost anything, and from anywhere. | Kickstarter is a donation-based funding site restricted to creative projects in the US, UK and Canada. The company’s stated mission is to help bring creative projects to life. |
| Website | http://www.indiegogo.com/ | http://www.kickstarter.com/ |
| Available | Anywhere in the world. | US, UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, and Luxembourg. |
| Funding Model | Two options: 1) All or nothing i.e. all money is refunded if target amount is not met 2) Flexible – whatever money collected is retained, regardless of target amount. | All or nothing only – if the goal is not met, all money is refunded to backers. |
| Disbursement | All money raised is sent 15 days after campaign ends. | 20 days after end of project. |
| Fee | 5% of any campaign (All or nothing and flexible) | 5% (All or nothing). |
| Payment account | PayPal, Bank Transfer (dependent on country). | Stripe |
| Launched | 2007 | 2009 |
| Headquarters | San Francisco, California. | New York City, New York State, U.S. |
| Founder(s) | Danae Ringelmann, Slava Rubin, and Eric Schell | Perry Chen, Yancey Strickler, Charles Adler |
| % of visitors reach project page (June-Sep ’13) | 72.03% | 92.43% |
| % of visitors reach pledge/ contribute page (June-Sep ’13) | 5.18% | 3.7% |
| % visitors actually pledge/ contribute (June-Sep ’13) | 2.17% | 2.39% |
| % abandon rate (June-Sep ’13) | 58% | 35% |
| % raising 100% of goals (Aug 2013) | 9.3% | 44% |
| Alexa rank | 1,254 (global); 664 (USA) – July 2016 | 451 (global); 218 (USA) – July 2016 |
Although founded two years after Indiegogo, Kickstarter has experienced stronger growth and larger break-out campaigns. According to web-traffic tracker Alexa, Indiegogo has more projects, but it is Kickstarter that has more traffic.
Kickstarter is stricter in screening campaigns, and uses two main criteria:
Indiegogo approves fundraising campaigns for almost any type of project including hobbyist, personal finance , or charity. Also, Indiegogo is for just about anyone with a bank account , and is the likely choice for projects with little chance at funding (including projects rejected by Kickstarter).
Zach Gray and Bob Harper of Roaming Startup discuss Indiegogo vis-a-vis Kickstarter in this video:
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Kickstarter has an all or nothing system; i.e., if the total funds raised from all the pledges equals or exceeds the target amount, then that amount will be sanctioned. If the target is not reached, all the backers are refunded and no money is disbursed to the project. Kickstarter charges a fee of 5% of the money raised. This all-or-nothing model is called fixed funding.
While Indiegogo also supports a fixed funding model, their key differentiator is their flexible funding model – the option of keeping pledge money even when the goal is not met. A fixed funding campaign would make sense for a campaign owner who only wants to proceed with a minimum amount of money – and that’s a personal or business decision that a campaign owner might make. But all Indiegogo campaigns can keep the money they raise, regardless of any total goal they might set, if they choose the flexible funding option.
Indiegogo used to charge a 9% commission for its flexible campaign arrangement, and a 4% commission for its all or nothing campaigns. But in 2015 Indiegogo changed its fees to a flat 5% irrespective of the kind of campaign you run.
In November 2016, Indiegogo announced that they now support equity crowdfunding on their platform. This allows startups to raise money from backers and offer them equity—shares in the business—in return. In the past, investing in startups was something only accredited investors could do. However, this move allows anyone to invest in new businesses. For equity funding campaigns, Indiegogo will collect a cash fee of 7% of funds raised, plus a 2% stake in the company.
Kickstarter uses Stripe for payments and does not disburse funds until 20 days after the project has ended.
Indiegogo requires an account setup with PayPal, wire transfers are also available in select countries. Indiegogo disburses funds 15 days after a campaign ends.
Until recently, comparing Indiegogo with Kickstarter was impossible, as Indiegogo had not yet revealed statistics about the number of projects it had helped launch, the total funds it had helped raise, etc. Upon release of this information, it was discovered Kickstarter raises nearly six times as much money as Indiegogo does and has a higher success rate.
Kickstarter has its own regularly updated statistics page . And in January 2014, Kickstarter released a set of performance statistics that covered all of 2013. These revealed three million people had pledged $480 million in the year and had successfully funded nearly 20,000 projects.
Meanwhile, Indiegogo has hosted more than 150,000 campaigns since its launch in 2008. A data analysis for Indiegogo by crowdfunding freelancers Jonathan Lau and Edward Junprung shows the following:
Indiegogo stats, as speculated by Jonathan Lau and Edward Junprung
The difference in figures is because each company uses a different business model. Indiegogo offers flexibility with funding open for anyone, anywhere. The cost for such openness in geography and project type is a higher number (hence higher percentage) of failed campaigns. Kickstarter filters who can launch what kind of project. Because of the geographic limitations, it is easier to make predictions and approve projects that are tangible, specific and more likely to succeed.
As of July 2016, Kickstarter reports that projects on their platform have raised a total of over $2.1 billion. have more than doubled with $2,485,143,036 raised . Indiegogo reported at the end of 2015 that projects on their platform have raised a total of over 800M.
In August 2016, Kickstarter announced results from a University of Pennsylvania study that looked at the economic impact of Kickstarter. The study found that Kickstarter projects have generated more than $5.3 billion in direct economic impact; resulted in the creation of 8,800 new companies (incl nonprofits), and 29,600 full-time jobs.
In June 2014, The Verge reported the following metrics for the two crowdfunding websites:
So Kickstarter’s growth over the last few years has significantly outpaced Indiegogo. Indiegogo’s traffic and market recognition numbers rank it second to Kickstarter. Even so, Indiegogo exhibits engagement metrics and rising counts that make it comparable to Kickstarter.
The Verge found that while 40% of projects on Kickstarter succeed in meeting their funding goal, less than 10% of projects on Indiegogo do.
Typically, visitors to either site review projects that may be of interest, pick one or shortlist a few, and then actually make a contribution. Most contributions are made by people who want to support a project’s cause, or by friends and supporters of the project creator.
The 2013 data related to both sites, inclusive through September, shows a difference in the rate for visitors reaching a project page:
It would be fair to infer from this data that Kickstarter leverages its visit count better by channeling visitors to more relevant projects, resulting in a higher click-through rate. Indiegogo has also recently redesigned their website such that their processing matches that of Kickstarter more closely.
Indiegogo performs very well regarding data showing visitors to pages where a contribution can be closed:
Even when the projects and visitor demographics are relatively similar, and now that the two sites have closely matching layouts, it is still an achievement for Indiegogo to convert visitors to contributes 40% more than Kickstarter. Perhaps because Indiegogo visitors are possibly more interested in the project and much more likely to contribute. Also, the call-to-action button for Kickstarter includes a “$1 Minimum Pledge,” which can be a turn-off to any potential contributor and affect their intent to contribute. Indiegogo does not require any such limit.
Finally, in spite of Indiegogo having a high rate of visitors going to the contribution page, their visitor-to-contributor conversion rate is lower than that of Kickstarter:
Usually, a 58% abandonment rate is on track with ecommerce averages. Even then, it is significantly higher than the 35% abandonment rate that Kickstarter is seeing. But in spite of this high abandon rate, Indiegogo is clearly catching up, with traffic gains close to those of Kickstarter.
Funded vs non-funded phrasing on Kickstarter.
Some campaigns are more successful than others, and this may come down to something as simple as the language used in a pitch.
Georgia Tech researchers, Assistant Professor Eric Gilbert and doctoral candidate Tanushree Mitra, studied the campaign for Pebble, an e-ink smartwatch, which has been Kickstarter’s most successful campaign to date, and the campaign for Ninja Baseball, a PC game that received positive coverage but failed to meet its funding goal. The major differences between Kickstarter success stories and tales of shortcomings prompted the researchers to further investigate over 45,000 Kickstarter campaigns.
Gilbert and Mitra discovered that, after controlling for other factors, certain phrases that made use of principles of persuasion led to a higher probability of funding. In particular, reciprocity—that is, offering a gift in exchange for a donation—led to greater funding, while less authoritative phrasing (e.g., “We hope to get…”) hurt funding prospects. The full results of Gilbert and Mitra’s study are published in The Language that Gets People to Give: Phrases that Predict Success on Kickstarter [PDF].
In February 2014, Kickstarter announced that the service had been hacked and customer information had been stolen. The company claimed that no credit card information had been accessed by the hackers. However, they advised all their users to change their passwords.
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